资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
推动绿色发展促进人与自然和谐共生【解读新修订的野生动物保护法】****** □ 本报记者 赵晨熙 野生动物是地球上所有生命和自然生态体系的重要组成部分,它们的生存状况同人类可持续发展息息相关。 现行野生动物保护法于1988年制定,2004年、2009年和2018年三次修正,2016年进行了修订。现行野生动物保护法对加强野生动物及其栖息地保护和拯救繁育工作、维护生物多样性、推进生态文明建设发挥了重要作用。 2022年12月30日,十三届全国人大常委会第三十八次会议表决通过了修订后的野生动物保护法,将于2023年5月1日起施行。 全国人大常委会法工委经济法室主任岳仲明在接受记者采访时指出,此次野生动物保护法修改,加强对重要生态系统保护和修复,坚持保护优先、规范利用、严格监管的原则,积极回应社会关切,进一步完善野生动物保护和管理制度,加大对违法行为的处罚力度,做好与生物安全法、动物防疫法、畜牧法等相关法律的衔接,秉持生态文明理念,以推动绿色发展,促进人与自然和谐共生。 岳仲明重点从五个方面介绍了主要修改内容。 新修订的野生动物保护法加强了对野生动物栖息地的保护,明确依法将野生动物重要栖息地划入国家公园、自然保护区等自然保护地进行严格保护。将有重要生态、科学、社会价值的陆生野生动物纳入应急救助范围,加强野生动物收容救护能力建设,建立收容救护场所,配备相应的专业技术人员、救护工具、设备和药品。 随着我国生态环境持续改善,野生动物种群得到有效恢复,一些地方野猪等野生动物泛滥成灾,危害群众人身财产安全和农牧生产。对此,新修订的野生动物保护法细化了野生动物种群调控措施,规定县级以上人民政府野生动物保护主管部门根据野生动物及其栖息地调查、监测和评估情况,对种群数量明显超过环境容量的物种,可以采取迁地保护、猎捕等种群调控措施,对种群调控猎捕的野生动物按照国家有关规定进行处理和综合利用;明确根据实际情况和需要建设隔离防护设施、设置安全警示标志等,预防野生动物可能造成的危害。同时,明确将中央财政对致害防控的补助范围由国家重点保护野生动物扩大到其他致害严重的陆生野生动物。此外,规定在野生动物危及人身安全的紧急情况下,采取措施而造成野生动物损害的,依法不承担法律责任。 外来物种入侵,破坏生态平衡,为加强外来物种防控,新修订的野生动物保护法明确规定,从境外引进的野生动物物种不得违法放生、丢弃,确需将其放生至野外环境的,应当遵守有关法律法规的规定;发现来自境外的野生动物对生态系统造成危害的,县级以上人民政府野生动物保护等有关部门应当采取相应的安全控制措施。同时规范野生动物放生活动,要求国务院野生动物保护主管部门会同国务院有关部门加强对放生野生动物活动的规范、引导。 2020年2月24日,十三届全国人大常委会第十六次会议通过《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于全面禁止非法野生动物交易、革除滥食野生动物陋习、切实保障人民群众生命健康安全的决定》。为做好与全国人大常委会有关决定的衔接,新修订的野生动物保护法明确禁止食用国家重点保护野生动物和国家保护的有重要生态、科学、社会价值的陆生野生动物以及其他陆生野生动物,禁止以食用为目的猎捕、交易、运输在野外环境自然生长繁殖的陆生野生动物;同时加大对相关违法行为的处罚力度。 现行野生动物保护法对人工繁育技术成熟稳定的国家重点保护野生动物管理制度作了规定,新修订的野生动物保护法将这一制度扩展到有重要生态、科学、社会价值的陆生野生动物,根据有关野外种群保护情况,对不依赖于野外资源、技术成熟稳定、有一定养殖规模的人工种群可以不再列入有重要生态、科学、社会价值的陆生野生动物名录,实行与野外种群不同的管理措施,但应当依法实行备案和专用标识管理。这些人工种群的一部分可以依照畜牧法规定列入畜禽遗传资源目录,按照家畜家禽管理;另一部分可不作为野生动物进行管理,适当放开其人工种群及其制品用于满足市场多元化需求,促进相关产业发展。 岳仲明表示,新修订的野生动物保护法实施需要社会各方面共同努力,要加强法律宣传、解读和引导。国务院有关部门和地方也要加快制定、完善相关配套规定,健全联合执法工作协调机制,依法打击违法犯罪行为,实现生态环境保护和经济高质量发展双赢。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |